Towards Global Knowledge Society; A SWOT Analysis of Higher Education of Pakistan in Context of Internationalization

Authors

  • Jamshed Khalid School of Management, University Sains Malaysia
  • Anees Janee Ali School of Management, University Sains Malaysia
  • Mohammad Khaleel School of Management, University Sains Malaysia
  • Md Shamimul Islam School of Management, University Sains Malaysia http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0768-1091

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18533/job.v2i2.65

Keywords:

Internationalization, higher education, student mobility, globalization

Abstract

Purpose – The purpose of this study to overview the trends of higher education globally, within Asia Pacific Region and specially in Pakistan. Most importantly, current study highlights the strengths and opportunities as well as weakness and threads of Pakistan’s higher education system by proposing a SWOT analysis of higher education internationalization.

Design/methodology/approach – This review paper is meant to appear in conjunction with more discrete and in-depth previous literature regarding higher education internationalization. 

Findings – It is investigated that higher education institutions in Pakistan are in need to rethink and reshape internationalization strategies following global standard which would be useful for the smooth drive towards global knowledge society and quality of higher education can be enhanced by developing internationalized curriculum, recruiting international students and staff and establishing international research collaboration programs.

Originality/value – In this study a SWOT analysis of internationalization has been proposed which illustrates the internal and external factors which are positively or negatively impacting the higher education system in Pakistan.

References

Agrawal, A., & Tan, V. M. (2014). Exploring determinants of students’ experience, perceptions and loyalty intentions in higher education institutions. International Journal of Management in Education, 8(4), 343-361.

Altbach, P. G., & Knight, J. (2007). The internationalization of higher education: Motivations and realities. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3-4), 290-305.

Ashcroft, L., Abdullahi, I., Kajberg, L., & Virkus, S. (2007). Internationalization of LIS education in Europe and North America. New Library World, 108(1/2), 7-24.

Bohm, A., Davis, D., Meares, D., & Pearce, D. (2002). Global student mobility 2025: Forecasts of the global demand for international higher education. IDP Education Australia.

Byun, K., & Kim, M. (2011). Shifting patterns of the government’s policies for the internationalization of Korean higher education. Journal of Studies in International Education, 15(5), 467-486.

Choudaha, R., Chang, L., & Kono, Y. (2013). International student mobility trends 2013: Towards responsive recruitment strategies. World Education News & Reviews, 26(2).

Guo, S., & Alfred, M. V. (2013). Intensification of Faculty Engagement in the Internationalization of adult Education Critical Perspectives on International Education (pp. 135-148): Springer.

Harder, N. J. (2010). Internationalization efforts in United States community colleges: A comparative analysis of urban, suburban, and rural institutions. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 35(1-2), 152-164.

HEC. (2011). Annual Report Retrieved from www.hec.gov.pk

HEC. (2012). Annual Report. Retrieved from www.hec.gov.pk

Hou, A. Y.-C. (2011). Quality assurance at a distance: international accreditation in Taiwan higher education. Higher Education, 61(2), 179-191.

Jiang, N., & Carpenter, V. (2013). A case study of issues of strategy implementation in internationalization of higher education. International Journal of Educational Management, 27(1), 4-18.

Knight, J. (1994). Internationalization: Elements and Checkpoints. CBIE Research No. 7: ERIC.

Knight, J. (2004). Internationalization remodeled: Definition, approaches, and rationales. Journal of Studies in International Education, 8(1), 5-31.

Knight, J. (2006). Crossborder education: An analytical framework for program and provider mobility HIGHER EDUCATION: (pp. 345-395): Springer.

Knight, J. (2014). Is internationalisation of higher education having an identity crisis? The forefront of international higher education (pp. 75-87): Springer.

Naidoo, V. (2006). International education A tertiary-level industry update. Journal of Research in International Education, 5(3), 323-345.

Onuf, N. G. (2012). World of our making: rules and rule in social theory and international relations: Routledge.

Qureshi, M. I., Janjua, S. Y., Zaman, K., Lodhi, M. S., & Tariq, Y. B. (2014). Internationalization of higher education institutions: implementation of DMAIC cycle. Scientometrics, 98(3), 2295-2310.

Rivers, D. J. (2010). Ideologies of internationalisation and the treatment of diversity within Japanese higher education. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 32(5), 441-454.

Sidhu, G. K., & Kaur, S. (2011). Enhancing global competence in higher education: Malaysia’s strategic initiatives Higher education in the Asia-Pacific (pp. 219-236): Springer.

Stewart, S., & Richardson, B. (2000). Reflection and its place in the curriculum on an undergraduate course: should it be assessed? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 25(4), 369-380.

THE. (2016). The world’s most international universities 2016. Retrieved from

https://www.timeshighereducation.com/features/200-most-international-universities-world-2016

UNESCO. (2012). Annual Report. Retrieved from

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/resources/online-materials/publications/

UNESCO. (2013). UNESCO Annual report. Retrieved from

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/resources/online-materials/publications/

Urban, E. L., & Palmer, L. B. (2013). International students as a resource for internationalization of higher education. Journal of Studies in International Education, 1028315313511642.

Wang, L. (2013). Going global: The changing strategy of internationalisation of education in China. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 35(3), 305-315.

Warwick, P. (2014). The international business of higher education–A managerial perspective on the internationalisation of UK universities. The International Journal of Management Education, 12(2), 91-103.

Zakaria, M., Janjua, S. Y., & Fida, B. A. (2016). Internationalization of Higher Education: Trends and Policies in Pakistan. Bulletin of Education & Research, 38(1).

Downloads

Published

2017-03-19

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 2 (2017): March

Section

Articles

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).